Vertebrate zoology

Vertebrate means having a spinal column or backbone. Animals in this category include species of the phylum Chordata: fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. These are characterized by a segmented spinal cord and a distinct differentiated head. These animals possess internal skeletons which include the vertebral column which at least partially encloses the spinal cord and a skull which houses the brain. Vertebrates also usually possess two pairs of limbs and an outer covering (fur, skin, feathers).